Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Individuals Carrying the ANGPTL8 R59W Variant

Figure 1. Boxplots for metabolite levels are significantly different between the two sub-cohorts of reference genotype CC and carrier genotype (CT+TT). The figure displays multiple boxplots representing the differences in metabolite levels between the CC genotype (as Reference) and CT+TT genotype (as R59W). The statistical significance of the difference between the metabolite levels of individuals with the reference CC genotype and those with the carrier genotypes is indicated by p values.

Figure 2. Metabolites that exhibit differences in levels between the individuals of reference genotype CC and individuals of heterozygous carrier genotype CT. A volcano plot represents log2(fold change) on the x-axis and −log10(p value) on the y-axis to visualize the differentially expressed metabolites between CC (n = 31) and CT (n = 26) genotypes. The plot indicates that five molecules showed significant differential expression; two of them were downregulated (represented by red dots), while three were upregulated (represented by blue dots) in the R59W variant wheS1n compared to the CC genotype. A fold change cutoff of 1.2 was applied to highlight changes in expression levels, while a p value threshold of less than 0.05 was used to define statistical significance.

Figure 3. Metabolites that exhibit differences in levels between the individuals of reference genotype CC and individuals of heterozygous carrier genotype TT. A volcano plot represents log2(fold change) on the x-axis and −log10(p value) on the y-axis to visualize the differentially expressed metabolites between CC (n = 31) and TT (n = 3) genotypes. The plot indicates that seven molecules showed significant differential expression; three of them were downregulated (represented by red dots), while four were upregulated (represented by blue dots) in the R59W variant when compared to the CC genotype. A fold change cutoff of 1.2 was applied to highlight changes in expression levels, while a p value threshold of less than 0.05 was used to define statistical significance.