Key result
Severe weight loss (>15% BMI decrease) was associated with a significantly increased risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OR 4.29) compared to stable weight.
Why the study?
Although BMI categories have been linked to sudden cardiac death, the relationship between dynamic BMI changes and the risk of cardiac arrest remained unknown.
Does significant body weight change increase the risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the general population?
Case-Control (n=56,899)
Does significant body weight change increase the risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the general population?
Significant dynamic weight changes, particularly severe weight loss in men and weight gain in women, are associated with a markedly increased risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest within a year.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Weight changes may signal higher OHCA risk; leaves open whether BMI stabilization alters incidence.
BACKGROUND: Body weight is a modifiable demographic factor. Although the association of body mass index (BMI) categories with sudden cardiac death was reported, dynamic changes of BMI and the risk of cardiac arrest remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurrence within a year and the percent changes of BMI preceding the OHCA. METHODS: This population-based nested case-control study used the National Health Insurance Service Data of Korea. In all, 24,465 patients with non-traumatic OHCA between 2010 and 2018, who underwent national health check-up twice (one within a year and the other within 2-4 years before OHCA) and 32,434 controls without OHCA, were matched for age and sex. The association between the risk of OHCA and BMI percent change stratified by sex was investigated. RESULTS: All the BMI percent changes of ≥ 5% significantly increased the OHCA occurrence with a reverse J-shaped association. Compared to individuals with a stable weight, those with severe (> 15%) BMI decrease had the highest odds ratio (OR) of 4.29 (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 3.72-4.95) for OHCA occurrence followed by those with moderate (10-15%) weight loss (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 2.55-3.08) and those with severe (> 15%) weigh gain (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.96-2.57), respectively. The impact of weight loss on the cardiac arrest occurrence was more prominent in men, while the impact of weight gain was more prominent in women. CONCLUSION: Significant weight changes increase the risk of OHCA within a year with a reverse J-shaped association. Significant weight loss might be a warning sign for OHCA especially for men.
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Kim et al. (2023) conducted a case-control in Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (n=56,899). Severe weight loss (>15% BMI decrease) vs. Stable weight (<5% BMI change) was evaluated on Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurrence (OR 4.29, 95% CI 3.72-4.95). Severe weight loss (>15% BMI decrease) was associated with a significantly increased risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OR 4.29) compared to stable weight.
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