Key result
Among 100 norovirus outbreaks, GII was predominant (70%), and foodborne transmission was associated with significantly higher attack rates and lower duration than person-to-person transmission.
Why the study?
Molecular characterization of human norovirus genotypes enhances understanding of viral features and evolutionary patterns, motivating an assessment of genetic diversity and epidemiology in outbreaks.
Observational (n=100)
The study highlights the genetic diversity and epidemiological patterns of human norovirus outbreaks in Catalonia, showing a predominance of GII genotypes and specific associations between genotypes and outbreak settings.
Genotype surveillance aids outbreak tracking; leaves open questions on transmission dynamics and control strategies.
Molecular characterization of human norovirus (HuNoV) genotypes enhances the understanding of viral features and illustrates distinctive evolutionary patterns. The aim of our study was to describe the prevalence of the genetic diversity and the epidemiology of the genotypes involved in HuNoV outbreaks in Catalonia (Spain) between 2017 and 2019. A total of 100 HuNoV outbreaks were notified with the predominance of GII (70%), followed by GI (27%) and mixed GI/GII (3%). Seasonality was observed for GII outbreaks only. The most prevalent genotypes identified were GII.4[P31] Sydney 2012, GII.4[P16] Sydney 2012 and GII.2[P16]. As compared to person-to-person (P/P) transmitted outbreaks, foodborne outbreaks showed significantly higher attack rates and lower duration. The average attack rate was higher in youth hostel/campgrounds compared to nursing homes. Only genotypes GI.4[P4], GII.2[P16], GII.4[P16], GII.4[P31] and GII.17[P17] were consistently detected every year, and only abundance of GII.2[P16] showed a negative trend over time. GII.4 Sydney 2012 outbreaks were significantly associated to nursing homes, while GII.2[P16] and GI.3[P3] were most frequently identified in youth hostel/campgrounds. The average attack rate was significantly higher when comparing GII.2[P16] vs. GI.4[P4], GII.2[P16] vs. GII.4[P31] Sydney 2012, and GII.6[P7] vs. GII.4[P31] Sydney 2012. No correlations were found between genotype and outbreak duration or age of affected individuals.
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Anfruns-Estrada et al. (2022) conducted an observational in Human norovirus outbreaks (n=100). Foodborne transmission vs. Person-to-person transmission was evaluated on Attack rate and outbreak duration. Among 100 norovirus outbreaks, GII was predominant (70%), and foodborne transmission was associated with significantly higher attack rates and lower duration than person-to-person transmission.
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