Key result
Genogroup II Noroviruses were detected in 15.4% of children with acute gastroenteritis, with the GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012 strain completely replacing the GII.P4-2006b/GII.4-2006b subtype starting in 2013.
Why the study?
Noroviruses are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis, particularly in children under five years of age, prompting investigation into their epidemiology in outpatient children in Shanghai, China.
Observational (n=1,433)
No
The study demonstrates the high prevalence and genetic diversity of GII noroviruses, particularly the emergence of GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012, in children with acute gastroenteritis in Shanghai.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Norovirus GII strain replacement in Shanghai children supports ongoing surveillance; leaves open effects on severity or vaccine performance.
Background Noroviruses (NoVs) are considered an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups, especially in children under five years of age. We investigated the epidemiology of noroviruses in outpatient children from the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Methods Stool specimens were collected between January 2012 and December 2017 from 1433 children under five years of age with acute gastroenteritis. All samples were analysed by conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for genogroup II NoVs amplifying both the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and partial capsid genes. The Norovirus Genotyping Tool v.2.0 (https://www.rivm.nl/mpf/typingtool/norovirus/) was used for genotyping the strains, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted by MEGA 6.0. Results From 2012 to 2017, GII NoVs were detected in 15.4% (220/1433) of the samples, with the highest detection rate in children aged 7-12 months (19.2%, 143/746). The seasons with the highest prevalence of GII NoVs infection were autumn and winter . Based on genetic analysis of RdRp, GII.Pe (74.5%%, 137/184) was the most predominant RdRp genotype from 2013 to 2017, while GII.P4 played a dominant role in 2012 (55.6%, 21/36). Among the capsid genotypes, the most prevalent NoV genotype from 2012 to 2017 was GII.4 (73.6%, 162/220). On the basis of genetic analysis of RdRp and capsid sequences, the strains were clustered into 19 RdRp/capsid genotypes, and 12 of them were discordant, such as GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012, GII.P12/GII.3, GII.P7/GII.6, GII.Pe/GII.3, and GII.P16/GII.2. Starting with 2013, GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012 had completely replaced the pandemic GII.P4-2006b/GII.4-2006b subtype and was detected in children across all age groups. Conclusions The present study shows high detection rates and the genetic diversity of circulating NoV GII genotypes in paediatric AGE samples from Shanghai. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance of emerging NoV strains.
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Lu et al. (2019) conducted an observational in Acute sporadic gastroenteritis (n=1,433). Norovirus Genogroup II was evaluated on Detection rate of GII Noroviruses. Genogroup II Noroviruses were detected in 15.4% of children with acute gastroenteritis, with the GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012 strain completely replacing the GII.P4-2006b/GII.4-2006b subtype starting in 2013.
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