The virulence spectrum for different regions in Germany in 1986 shows that only virulences for resistance genes Pm1, 4a, 7, 8 and Ml‐i are common in Northern Germany; in the Southern part only Pm3b and 9 (+Pm1+ 2) remain effective; the combination Pm2 + 6 is effective within the whole country. The selection pressure of resistance genes on virulences is complex, but was relatively stable under different environmental conditions in 1985 and 1986.
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Manfred Heun (1987) studied this question.
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