Congenital Heart Disease: Tetralogy of Fallot

OBJECTIVE: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect, occurring in approximately 1 in 3,500 births and accounting for 7% to 10% of all congenital heart malformations.Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) occurs in approximately 1 in 3600 live births and accounts for 3.5% of babies born with congenital heart disease.The objective of this work is to carry out an epidemiological survey on Tetralogy of Fallot and its respective treatment.METHODS: This is a literature review, of the narrative type, which aims to describe the characteristics of Tetralogy of Fallot, from a theoretical point of view, through materials that have already been published on the subject in question, through analysis and interpretation of the literature.Inclusion criteria were: articles in Portuguese and English; published in the period from 2015 to 2023 and that addressed the themes proposed for this research, review-type studies available in full.After the selection criteria, 6 articles remained, which were subjected to thorough reading for data collection.The results were presented in a descriptive way, divided into thematic categories addressing: describing the subtitles or points that were mentioned in the discussion.RESULT AND DISCUSSION: Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic heart disease in children who survive without treatment beyond neonatal age, requiring intervention in the first year of life.It accounts for 7% to 10% of birth defects, affecting men and women equally and occurring in 3 to 5 out of every 10,000 live births.The clinical presentation varies according to the severity of the obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, presenting more commonly in neonates with a certain degree of cyanosis.In some patients, cyanosis manifests itself months later in life when the rate of obstructions worsens.On auscultation, patients have a normal first heart sound with a single loud second heart sound.Currently,