Square nanosecond mode-locking was demonstrated in a short-cavity polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber laser with a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM). Nonlinear phase shifts in the NALM enforced peak-power clamping and accordingly, the output pulse duration varied with the NALM gain. Gain competition of multipulse mode-locking was observed with short NALM loops. Such NALM-based mode-locking exhibited long-term stability against environmental disturbance.
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Liu et al. (2014) studied this question.
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