[structure: see text] The monoquaternary product of 2,2'-biimidazole with iodobutane is an ionic liquid that acts as both the solvent and ligand for catalytic reactions. A new palladium complex was prepared by adding PdCl(2) to this ionic liquid to form a catalytic solution that is effective for Heck reactions with good recyclability.
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Xiao et al. (2004) studied this question.
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