Performance of Tee Diffusers in Shallow Water with Crossflow

The dilution and plume trajectory of the tee diffuser has been investigated via the collection of experimental data for a wide range of ambient current conditions. A new dilution equation in which the stagnation effect between ambient current and diffuser discharge is assumed to be a function of the ratio of the ambient momentum to the discharge momentum, mr, is proposed modifying the conventional theory of Adams that significantly underpredicts mixing for large mr. A simple equation for the plume trajectory including the dependency of the momentum ratio is also derived by dimensional analysis. Experimental results on the near field dilution show that when mr < 1 the dilution decreases with mr, whereas when mr > 1 it increases with increasing mr, and approaches the stagnant water dilution for very large values of mr. The equation is applied to aid the preliminary design of a diffuser discharging heated water from a power station in Korea.