The paper discusses the mixing mechanics of submerged, multi-port diffusers used to discharge heated water from steam-electric power plants into shallow receiving waters. An analysis for co-flowing diffusers is presented. The analysis is compared with similar fluid flow situations and predicted dilutions are compared with available laboratory measurements. The behavior of a co-flowing diffuser is then contrasted with that of a tee diffuser. A semi-empirical theory is derived for the tee diffuser and is compared with available measurements.
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E. Eric Adams (1982) studied this question.
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