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An evaluation of the fluid forces exerted on a bed load particle is presented. The study used strobe photography to measure the kinematics of a sphere moving via saltation along the bed of an open channel flow. The experiment showed that the forces of bouyancy, added mass, and drag could predict the particle motion. The added mass force included an unusual component due to the mean shear of the open channel flow.
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Murphy et al. (1982) studied this question.
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