Wastewater Disposal by Submerged Manifolds

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Jet mixing from submerged manifolds for wastewater disposal has been studied by means of hydraulic model experiments. The experimental results show that the dilution and flow pattern of buoyant jets from a manifold in stagnant receiving water of uniform density is altered if merging of the jets takes place. The ratio between vertical distance y above the manifold to the distance L between the ports along the manifold is found to be determining for the effects of merging. For values of y/L between 0-5, no significant differences in the center dilution was observed as compared to that of a single jet. For y/L>5, the jets gradually merged into a two-dimensional plume over the manifold, causing a rapid reduction in the center dilution. For a given discharge load per length of manifold a port spacing y/L from 5 to 10 will result in the highest center dilution of the jets.