Fine structure of a high-performance zeolite NaA membrane filter for water/ethanol separation was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); the samples were prepared by ion milling and focused ion beam (FIB) techniques. The NaA membrane consists of a top layer with a thickness of 2−3 μm and a composite layer where the thickness is larger than 5 μm. NaA crystallites in the top layer show a columnar morphology toward an external surface, and a high-density amorphous phase is observed at the grain boundary between NaA crystallites. In the composite layer, NaA crystallites form an uncertain shape with many voids of various sizes at the triple point of NaA crystals' grain boundary.
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Liu et al. (2006) studied this question.
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