What question did this study set out to answer?

To determine whether maternal behavioral and psychosocial characteristics influence transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β2) concentrations in human breast milk.

September 19, 2011Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

Maternal psychosocial factors determining the concentrations of transforming growth factor‐beta in breast milk

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Authors

NKNaoki KondoKyoto University YSYuki SudaUniversity of Yamanashi ANAtsuhito NakaoJuntendo University

Discussion

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Implication

Cross-sectional study reveals higher breast milk transforming growth factor-beta levels in mothers with depression, suggesting maternal psychological stress alters immune-active milk composition.

Key Points

To determine whether maternal behavioral and psychosocial characteristics influence transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β2) concentrations in human breast milk.
Surveyed 139 lactating mothers and collected breast milk samples during routine 3-month infant health checkups in Koshu City, Japan (N = 129).
Measured total breast milk TGF-β2 concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Identified determinants of milk TGF-β2 levels using linear and ordered logistic regression models adjusted for multiple potential maternal and environmental factors.
Mothers with depression had higher TGF-β2 concentrations than mothers without depression (odds ratio for a higher TGF-β2 quartile: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.03–9.37).
Mothers with poor self-rated health had higher TGF-β2 concentrations compared to those reporting better health (odds ratio: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.21–4.55), whereas smoking, alcohol, probiotics, and social support showed no association.
Milk samples collected between August and October or later in the afternoon (3–4 pm vs. 12–2 pm) exhibited significantly lower TGF-β2 concentrations.

Cite This Study

Kondo et al. (2011) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9645b5ef3e9f8655f90089 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01194.x

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Implication

Cross-sectional study reveals higher breast milk transforming growth factor-beta levels in mothers with depression, suggesting maternal psychological stress alters immune-active milk composition.