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We simplify the coupling theory between two contiguous, parallel, multimode step-index fibers, describe the coupling concept, and derive an upper estimate for the overall coupling efficiency between the two fibers. The maximum coupling obtainable, according to this estimate, is less than 72 percent (−1.5 dB). The coupling efficiency derived for short coupling lengths shows good agreement with experimental results.
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Kensuke Ogawa (1977) studied this question.
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