Key result
Screening of 335 pooled internal organs from Korean domestic swine farms detected porcine circovirus 4 at a rate of 3.28%, with the Korean strain showing 98.5% to 98.9% identity to known PCV4 strains.
Why the study?
Porcine circovirus 4 is a novel and unclassified member of the genus Circovirus, and more evidence was needed regarding its active circulation.
Observational (n=335)
Yes
The study confirms the active circulation of PCV4 in Korean swine farms and provides genetic characterization of the Korean strain.
PCV4 circulates in Korean swine; extends geographic range but leaves open clinical impact and surveillance needs.
Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4), a novel and unclassified member of the genus Circovirus, was first reported in China in 2019. Aimed at providing more evidence about the active circulation of PCV4, this study screened 335 pooled internal organs and detected the virus (i) at the rates of 3.28%, (ii) from both clinical healthy and clinical sick pigs of various age groups, and (iii) in six out of nice provinces of Korea. The complete genomic sequence of a Korean PCV4 strain (E115) was 1,770 nucleotides in length and had 98.5% to 98.9% identity to three PCV4 strains available at GenBank up to date. Utilizing a set of bioinformatic programs, it was revealed that the Korean PCV4 strain contained several genomic features of (i) a palindrome stem-loop structure with conserved nonanucleotide, (ii) packed overlapping ORFs oriented in different directions, and (iii) two intergenic regions in between genes encoding putative replication- associated protein (Rep) and capsid (Cap) proteins. This study also predicted the presence of essential elements known so far for the replication of circoviruses, for example, the origin of DNA replication, endonuclease and helicase domains of Rep, the nuclear localization signal on the putative Cap protein. Finally, based on the phylogeny inferred from sequences of the putative Rep protein, it was suggested that PCV4 belong to genus Circovirus of family Circoviridae and losely related to three previous known porcine circoviruses of PCV1, PCV2 and PCV3.
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Nguyen et al. (2020) conducted an observational in Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) infection (n=335). PCV4 screening and genetic characterization was evaluated on Detection rate of PCV4. Screening of 335 pooled internal organs from Korean domestic swine farms detected porcine circovirus 4 at a rate of 3.28%, with the Korean strain showing 98.5% to 98.9% identity to known PCV4 strains.
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