Key result
The overall prevalence of hypertension was 23.7%, and smoking was associated with an increased risk of hypertension along with older age, extra salt intake, and high waist circumference.
Cross-Sectional (n=730)
No
In an urban Bangladeshi population, nearly a quarter of adults have hypertension, which is strongly associated with modifiable risk factors such as smoking, extra salt intake, and central obesity.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May inform urban screening in Bangladesh; leaves open causal validation and intervention trials.
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a major risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The prevalence of hypertension is increasing in Bangladesh, especially in urban areas. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors in an urban area of Bangladesh. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey involving participants aged ≥ 25 years in an urban area in Dhaka between June-December 2012, using multi-stage random sampling. Data on socioeconomic status, tobacco use, physical activity, diet, extra-salt use, family history of hypertension, CVD, anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were collected using modified WHO-STEPS protocol. Hypertension and pre-hypertension were defined according to JNC-7. Multiple logistic regressions models were used to identify risk factors associated with hypertension. RESULTS: The overall age-adjusted prevalence hypertension and pre-hypertension among 730 participants was 23.7% and 19%, respectively, which was higher among males compared to females (23.6% vs 21.71% and 21.7% vs 17.0%, respectively). Bivariate analysis showed significant relationship of hypertension with age, BMI, no physical activity, tobacco use, extra salt intake and family history of stroke/cardiovascular disease. In the multivariate model, factors significantly associated with hypertension were older age (OR 19.18, 95% CI 13.58-28.11), smoking (OR 3.47, 95% CI 2.85-5.19), extra salt intake (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-2.21), and high waist circumference (OR 3.41, 95% CI 2.81-5.29). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was high among our study participants. Population-based intervention programs and policies for increased awareness about the risk factors, and life-style modification are essential for prevention of hypertension.
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Islam et al. (2015) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=730). Smoking vs. Non-tobacco users was evaluated on Hypertension (OR 3.47, 95% CI 2.85-5.19, p=<0.05). The overall prevalence of hypertension was 23.7%, and smoking was associated with an increased risk of hypertension along with older age, extra salt intake, and high waist circumference.
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