Field trials with four types of pheromone traps and two types of commercial lures were evaluated to develop a population-monitoring technique for spruce bud worm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). When data were stratified by state or province, mean catch in several treatments (trap model/lure combinations) was significantly correlated with densities of larval stages L3–L4 (generations n and n + 1) and L2. Relationships varied among regions and hosts. There was no significant difference in moth catch between traps within five-trap clusters when traps were spaced 40 m apart. Within-cluster variation in trap catch was high; coefficients of variation averaged 35% for the covered funnel trap/Conrel lure treatment and 49% for the covered funnel trap/Hercon lure treatment. Application of pheromone-baited traps to monitor spruce budworm populations is discussed and recommendations are made to improve the monitoring system.
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Allen et al. (1986) studied this question.