A tunable sandwich transducer is reported which has its fundamental resonant frequency controllable by varying a passive reactive load. The structure consists of four PZT-4 rings sandwiched between an aluminium head-mass and a brass tail-mass. The electromechanical coupling coefficient and the radiation efficiency into water of the transducer are given over the frequency range 25 to 75 kHz. A theoretical analysis based on an electromechanical equivalent circuit shows good agreement with the experimental results.
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Jain et al. (1988) studied this question.
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