Key result
The combination of low exercise capacity, reduced heart rate recovery, and elevated T-wave alternans strongly predicted cardiovascular mortality (HR 16.5; 95% CI 4.0-67.7; p<0.001).
Why the study?
Does the combined analysis of exercise capacity, heart rate recovery, and T-wave alternans improve the prediction of cardiovascular mortality in patients referred for a clinical exercise test?
Cohort (n=3,609)
Does the combined analysis of exercise capacity, heart rate recovery, and T-wave alternans improve the prediction of cardiovascular mortality in patients referred for a clinical exercise test?
Hazard Ratio: 16.5 (95% CI 4–67.7)
p-value: p=<0.001
Combining exercise capacity, heart rate recovery, and T-wave alternans during a routine clinical exercise test significantly enhances prognostic capacity for cardiovascular mortality.
May enhance risk stratification on routine exercise testing; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before practice change.
BACKGROUND: Exercise capacity, heart rate recovery and T-wave alternans are independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality. We tested whether these parameters contain supplementary prognostic information. METHODS: A total of 3609 consecutive patients (2157 men) referred for a routine, clinically indicated bicycle exercise test were enrolled in the Finnish Cardiovascular Study (FINCAVAS). Exercise capacity was measured in metabolic equivalents, heart rate recovery as the decrease in heart rate from maximum to one minute post-exercise, and T-wave alternans by time-domain Modified Moving Average method. RESULTS: During 57-month median follow-up (interquartile range 35-78 months), 96 patients died of cardiovascular causes (primary endpoint) and 233 from any cause. All three parameters were independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality when analysed as continuous variables. Adding metabolic equivalents (p < 0.001), heart rate recovery (p = 0.002) or T-wave alternans (p = 0.01) to the linear model improved its predictive power for cardiovascular mortality. The combination of low exercise capacity (<6 metabolic equivalents), reduced heart rate recovery (≤12 beats/min) and elevated T-wave alternans (≥60 μV) yielded the highest hazard ratio for cardiovascular mortality of 16.5 (95% confidence interval 4.0-67.7, p < 0.001). Harrell's C index was 0.719 (confidence interval 0.665-0.772) for cardiovascular mortality with previously defined cutpoints (<8 units for metabolic equivalents, ≤18 beats/min for heart rate recovery and ≥60 μV for T-wave alternans). CONCLUSION: The prognostic capacity of the clinical exercise test is enhanced by combined analysis of exercise capacity, heart rate recovery and T-wave alternans.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Minkkinen et al. (2014) conducted a cohort in referred for a routine, clinically indicated bicycle exercise test (n=3,609). Combination of low exercise capacity, reduced heart rate recovery and elevated T-wave alternans was evaluated on cardiovascular mortality (HR 16.5, 95% CI 4.0-67.7, p=<0.001). The combination of low exercise capacity, reduced heart rate recovery, and elevated T-wave alternans strongly predicted cardiovascular mortality (HR 16.5; 95% CI 4.0-67.7; p<0.001).
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: