Study on Complications of Diabetes Mellitus among the Diabetic Patients

Diabetes is characterized by a disorder in metabolism of carbohydrate and subsequent derangement of fat and protein metabolism. Disturbance in production and action of insulin, a hormone secreted by the islets of langerhans in the pancreas is implicated in the disease. In addition to insulin, aging, over weight and several other hormones affect blood glucose level there-by preventing glucose from entering the cells. This leads to hyperglycemia, which may result in acute and chronic complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, kidney and eye diseases, disorders of the nerves and others. Both forms of diabetes ultimately lead to hyperglycemia. Over long period of time, hyperglycemia damages the retina of the eye, the kidney, the nerves, and the blood vessels. Damage to the retina from diabetes will be a leading cause of blindness. Damage to the kidney from diabetes is leading cause of kidney failure. Damage to the nerves from diabetes is leading cause of foot and leg amputation. Damage to the nerves in the autonomic nervous system can lead to paralysis.