Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases: CVIA State-of-the-Art Review

Obesity, given its strong association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is a major global public health issue attracting increasing attention. This comprehensive review systematically synthesizes clinical and basic research progress in elucidating the complex relationship between obesity and CVDs. We explore the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management strategies for obesity-related CVDs. Drawing on recent studies, we highlight the effects of obesity on atherosclerotic disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, and venous thromboembolism. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies to decrease the cardiovascular burden associated with obesity. Furthermore, this review summarizes current therapeutic approaches for obesity-related CVDs, such as lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic surgery, and discusses future research directions, including precision medicine, exploration of novel therapeutic targets, and single-cell spatiotemporal omics.