A first and unique preparation is reported of a WO 3 /tris(2,2‘-bipyrizine)ruthenium (II) (Ru(bpy) 3 2+ ) composite film by electrodeposition from a colloidal solution containing peroxotungstic acid and Ru(bpy) 3 2+ that is remarkably stabilized by poly(sodium 4-styrensulfonate). The composite film clearly demonstrated multiple electrochromism. The photoexcited Ru(bpy) 3 2+ was found to be quenched completely by WO 3 in the composite film, which is responsible for an electronic interaction of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ with WO 3 . The complete quenching led to a photocharging−discharging character and a steady-state photoanodic current induced by visible light.
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Yagi et al. (2002) studied this question.
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