Methods for diagnosing endothelial dysfunction

Endothelial dysfunction as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases requires precise and effective diagnostic methods. The review highlights the currently used methods which can be divided into morphological, instrumental, and laboratory ones. Special attention is paid to the so called jar test, which was introduced by Professor V.A. Valdman in 1936. The jar test may serve as a prototype of modern methods for endothelial function assessment. These diagnostic methods can help to identify functional endothelial disorders at the earliest stage. It will significantly expand the possibilities of primary prevention of cardiovascular and a number of other diseases through non-pharmacological and pharmacological correction of endothelial dysfunction.