Sn(4+) -O2 (-•) centers are intentionally created in SnO2 nanoflowers by a thermodynamically instable synthetic process. The resulting SnO2 nanoflower-based sensor is confirmed to be the most sensitive ppb-level chemiresistor NO2 sensor to date. The Sn(4+) -O2 (-•) centers with strong gas-adsorbing and high eletron-donating capability towards NO2 molecules decisively determine the sensor sensitivity.
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Li et al. (2016) studied this question.
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