Functional and Radiological Outcome of Posterior Cruciate-retaining Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty in Varus Osteoarthritis (Grade 3 and 4): A Prospective Study

following posterior cruciate-retaining (CR) TKA.Special emphasis was placed on challenges commonly faced by individuals from lower- IntroductIonOsteoarthritis is a long-standing degenerative condition in which progressive cartilage deterioration results in joint pain, stiffness, and increasing deformity.1 As the disease progresses, many patients develop significant restrictions in movement and overall functional capacity.In India, knee osteoarthritis is particularly prevalent and greatly affects quality of life, impacting not only the patient but also family members due to the associated physical, emotional, and financial strain.Although conservative therapies-such as analgesics, physiotherapy, wax therapy, and corrective procedures such as high tibial or proximal fibular osteotomy-may provide short-term symptomatic relief, they do not prevent ongoing degeneration, and their long-term effectiveness remains limited.2,3 For individuals with end-stage disease, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has emerged as a reliable treatment option, offering consistent pain reduction, correction of deformity, and improved mobility.4 Since the 1970s, continuous advancements in implant materials and prosthetic design have aimed to better mimic natural knee biomechanics while enhancing durability and function.Achieving good outcomes with TKA depends on a combination of appropriate implant selection, precise surgical execution, stringent infection control, and structured postoperative rehabilitation.5 In the present study, patients across various socioeconomic groups were assessed to determine the functional and radiological results