Risk Factors for Reintervention With Functionally Single-Ventricle Disease Undergoing Staged Palliation in England and Wales: A Retrospective Cohort Study

ur study aimed to evaluate population-based rates of, and risk factors for, cardiac reinterven-tions in children with functionally single-ventricle (f-SV) congenital heart disease. A retrospective cohort study was undertaken, including all children born in England and Wales with f-SV congenital heart disease 1 between 2000 and 2018 who underwent any initial or staged palliative procedures. 1,2 The National Congenital Heart Diseases Audit (registry) was used, with National Health Service Research Ethics Committee approval; the study dataset is available only on this basis. Five-year survival, as ascertained in 2020, was 72.1% (95% CI, 70.6%–73.7%). 1 The study outcome was any cardiac operation or interventional catheter undertaken in addition to the planned treatment pathway. The association between prespecified risk factors (see Table) and the cumulative incidence of additional procedures was investigated using multivariable Fine-Gray regression. Competing events were death and next staged treat-ment completion or heart transplant without additional procedures. Among 3307 children with