This review describes the use of biochemical and microbial tests to assess the toxicity of aquatic pollutants. Biochemical assays include the use of enzymes (dehydrogenase, ATPases, and others), luminescence, and ATP for measuring chemical toxicity in the aquatic environment. Bacterial tests also can serve as a tool for toxicity testing. These tests are based on measurement of growth inhibition or viability of bacteria and alteration of bacterial metabolism. These tests are relatively simple, rapid, and inexpensive as compared to fish bioassays.
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Bitton et al. (1983) studied this question.