Nostoc cyanobacteria species: a new and rich source of novel bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical potential

The cyanobacteria and predominantly the genus Nostoc are known as producers of dozens pharmacologically active compounds, composed of abnormal amino acids, which have aided them to survive in varied and highly competitive ecological niches. Their function as antiviral, antitumour, antibacterial, anti-HIV and a food additive has been well set up. This high degree of chemical diversity in bioactive compounds of cyanobacterial Nostoc species may thus create a prolific source of new entities leading to the development of new pharmaceuticals. This review provides the comprehensive overview of metabolites and novel bioactive natural products produced by cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc, which present biological activity and can be used for the treatment of various human and animal disorders.