Lipids, biomarkers, and subclinical atherosclerosis in treatment-naive HIV patients starting or not starting antiretroviral therapy: Comparison with a healthy control group in a 2-year prospective study

Figures

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  Fig 1. Mean adjusted for group, time, and interaction between group and time and 95% CI in lipid parameters from baseline to months 12 and 24. *Mean adjusted for group, time, and interaction between group B and time. **Mean adjusted for group and time. In TC, the interaction between time and group was statistically significant for group B at 12 months (p = 0.002). In HDL-c and APO A-1, the interaction was statistically significant for group B at 12 months (p = 0.003 and 0.049, respectively) and 24 months (p = 0.001 and 0.008, respectively). Moreover, for all 3 lipid parameters, differences at baseline were statistically significant for group A compared with the control group (p = 0.03, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively) and group B compared with the control group (p = 0.004, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). In the case of LDL-c and Apo A-I/Apo B, differences at baseline were statistically significant in group B compared with the control group (p = 0.019 and 0.021); baseline differences in group A compared with the control group were statistically significant only for Apo A-I/Apo B (p = 0.017). Abbreviations: TC, total cholesterol; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

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  Fig 2. Mean adjusted for group, time, and interaction between group and time and 95% CI in LDL particle phenotype parameters from baseline to months 12 and 24. *Mean adjusted for group, time, and interaction between group B and Time. In LDL size and cholesterol content in lb-LDL particles, the interaction between time and group was statistically significant for group B at 24 months (p = 0.038 and 0.009, respectively). Moreover, in both variables, the differences at baseline were statistically significant for group B compared with the control group (p = 0.011 and 0.001, respectively); baseline differences in group A compared with the control group were statistically significant only for LDL size (p = 0.049). Abbreviations: LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; lb-LDL, large buoyant LDL particles.

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  Fig 3. Mean adjusted for group, time, and interaction between group and time and 95% CI in plasma biomarkers from baseline to months 12 and 24. *Mean adjusted for group, time, and interaction between Group B and time. **Mean adjusted for group and time. In sCD14 and LOG(sCD163), the interaction between group and time was statistically significant for group B at 12 months (p<0.001 and <0.001, respectively) and 24 months (p<0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Moreover, differences at baseline were statistically significant in LOG(sCD163) and sCD14 for group A compared with the control group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.038 respectively) and group B compared with the control group (p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively). In LDL-Lp-PLA2, the interaction between time and group was statistically significant for group B at 24 months (p<0.001); differences at baseline were statistically significant for groups A and B compared with the control group (p = 0.048 and p = 0.01, respectively). In LOG(hs-CRP), the differences at baseline were statistically significant for groups A and B compared with the control group (p = 0.007 and p = 0.002, respectively). Abbreviations: hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein;…

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  Fig 4. Mean adjusted for group, time, and interaction between group and time and 95% CI in common c-IMT from baseline to months 12 and 24. The interaction between group and time was statistically significant at 24 months for group B (p = 0.048) and almost significant for group A (p = 0.053). The interaction was statistically significant for group B compared with the control group (p = 0.015). Abbreviations: c-IMT, carotid intima-media thickness.