Altered activity of pain processing brain regions in association with hip osteoarthritis

Figures

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  Figure 1. VAS scores for all hip OA patients (n = 30) before and after physical activity. Several patients exhibited the same pre- and post-activity scores, and hence their lines overlap.

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  Figure 2. Brain regions (bottom, in blue-to-light blue) exhibiting greater connectivity with the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) seed region (top, in green) in hip OA patients (n = 30) than in control subjects (n = 10), expressed as a statistical Z-score of the difference. Regions include only the left posterior insula (z-coordinate of shown brain slice corresponding to the MNI brain template.

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  Figure 3. Brain regions (bottom, in red-to-yellow) exhibiting reduced connectivity with the bilateral posterior insula seed region (top, in green) in hip OA patients (n = 30) than in control subjects (n = 10), expressed as a statistical Z-score of the difference. Regions include the right temporal pole and regions of the motor and sensory cortices associated with hip movement and sensation (x,y,z-coordinates of shown brain slices correspond to the MNI brain template).

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  Figure 4. Brain regions (bottom, in red-to-yellow) exhibiting increased connectivity with the thalamus seed region (top, in green) in hip OA patients (n = 30) following physical activity involving the hip, expressed as a statistical Z-score of the difference. Regions include the right brainstem, left and right parahippocampal gyri, and the left and right periaqueductal grey (PAG) (x,z-coordinates of shown brain slices correspond to the MNI brain template).

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  Figure 5. Brain regions (bottom, in red-to-yellow) exhibiting increased connectivity with the anterior insula seed region (top, in green) in hip OA patients (n = 30) following physical activity involving the hip, expressed as a statistical Z-score of the difference. Regions include the brainstem and regions within the left and right medial, superior and frontal gyri, as well as the anterior cingulate cortex (z-coordinates of shown brain slices correspond to the MNI brain template).

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  Figure 6. Brain regions (bottom, in red-to-yellow) exhibiting increased connectivity with the posterior insula seed region (top, in green) in hip OA patients (n = 30) following physical activity involving the hip, expressed as a statistical Z-score of the difference. Regions include the brainstem, bilateral cerebellum, right putamen and posterior insula, and regions of the motor and sensory cortices, including those associated with hip movement and sensation (y,z-coordinates of shown brain slices correspond to the MNI brain template).