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A patient with 2 weeks of breathlessness during daily activities and intense pain in the right shoulder was referred for physiological evaluation. A chest radiograph showed new right hemidiaphragm elevation, pulmonary function tests demonstrated reduced lung volumes, and maximum inspiratory pressure was markedly reduced. Additional testing based on an understanding of the structure, function, and innervation of the diaphragm confirmed the diagnosis.
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Santana et al. (2014) studied this question.
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