Single Capillary Isotachophoresis--Zone Electrophoresis: Current Practice and Prospects, A Review

In the recent past, the on-line combination of isotachophoresis (ITP) prior to capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has been developed to improve detection limits. In addition, the on-line combination offers the possibility for sample cleanup. The state of the art in single capillary ITP—CZE, current developments, and some possible future perspectives are described. Special attention is paid to ITP with a counterflow and transient ITP prior to CZE. Furthermore, electrokinetic sample introduction, field amplified focusing using water, and ITP as an intermediate between electroextraction and CZE are described.