Key result
The ENDOTAK transvenous ICD lead and its iterations have evolved over 45 years, overcoming multiple technological challenges to be implanted in over 800,000 patients.
This historical review highlights the 45-year evolution and technological advancements of transvenous ICD leads, which paved the way for non-thoracotomy implantation.
Provides historical context for transvenous ICD lead reliability; extends knowledge of iterative device progress for future refinements.
The totally transvenous implantable defibrillator lead, conceived by Mirowski and Mower 45 years ago, is irrevocably related to the wide acceptance of this therapy. It paved the way for the era for non-thoracotomy implantation. This paper covers the most important details of the evolution--over this 45-year period--of the original (ENDOTAK) transvenous ICD lead and subsequent iterations. Over that time period, there have been over 800 000 patients implanted with this family of leads. The 'story' addresses the multiple problems encountered, technological improvements in materials, design, and testing to overcome them. And, the need for continued close collaboration between physicians and industry focused on reliability and longevity of this critical component of these life-saving systems.
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Nisam et al. (2015) conducted a review in Implantable defibrillator therapy (n=800,000). ENDOTAK transvenous ICD lead was evaluated. The ENDOTAK transvenous ICD lead and its iterations have evolved over 45 years, overcoming multiple technological challenges to be implanted in over 800,000 patients.
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