Influence of Planting Distances in Presence of Chemical Fertilization And Compost on Growth, Essential Oil , Artemisinin Content and Chemical Constituents of Artemisia annua L. Plant

Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) is an essential plant, which is annual and is characterized by the treatment of some diseasesAerial parts contain aromatic volatile oils and non-volatile sesquiterpenes used in pharmacopoeia. This investigation was carried out in the Ornamental Farm of the Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University during the two sequent seasons 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 to study effect of planting distances and applying fertilization on vegetative growth, chemical constituents and oil of Artemisia annua (L)plant. Results showed, in both cuts and seasons, the maximum values of vegetative growth and root parameters were recorded planting distances (40*40 cm) and F3(100% organic fertilizers). Besides, the interaction between planting distances and fertilizations treatments had a significant effect on chemical compositions especially planting distance( 40*40 cm) and F3 in the two cut and at both seasons. In general, the highest values of essential oil percentage in leaves were recorded by the combined treatment between planting distance( 40*40 cm) and F3. Gc-MS analysis of of Artemisia annua L. essential oil revealed the presence of 23 component which were identified and the major components were champhore, cis-sabinene hydrate, trans β-ocimene, artemisia ketone, borneol, tranc- caryophyllene, myrtenal and β- Selinene.Furthermore, the highest value of artemisinin percentage (1.4 %) was scored by (60*60 ) with F2. Consequently, it is preferable applying the planting distance( 40*40 cm) and F3 for enhancing the growth, essential oil , artemisinin content and the chemical constituents of Artemisia annua L. plant.