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We investigated the surface potential of TiO2 single crystals using scanning probe microscopy (SPM) under different gas environment. The SPM tip-induced electrical stress resulted in reversal in the surface potential, Vsurf, polarity only in H2/Ar (ΔVsurf = 0.30 eV) and not in Ar and O2. Quantitative measurement of the influence of ambient gas on the surface potential led us to develop a model where the adsorbed oxygen molecules and oxygen vacancies interact to change their relative concentration leading to different surface potential in TiO2. These results will give us insights into ambient-dependent physical phenomena in oxide thin film nanostructures.
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Kim et al. (2012) studied this question.
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