Outcomes of CyberKnife Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Background: The outcomes of radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are not as extensively assessed as those for idiopathic or classical TN cases. Objective: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiosurgery for TN in MS patients and identify potential predictors of successful outcomes. Methods: A retrospective single-institution cohort study with patients treated between 2009 and 2022 was performed. Fifty patients were included, and a total of 68 radiosurgical interventions were delivered. Outcomes included the maintenance of pain relief assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves and treatment-related complications. Cox regression analyses were used to identify potential predictors of better pain relief. Results: Following the first radiosurgical treatments, the initial pain relief rate was 86% after a median latency period of 14 days. Adequate pain relief rates at 6, 12, 36 and 60 months were 86%, 52%, 35% and 24%, respectively. Adequate pain relief was sustained for an actuarial median of 12.7 months. After initial relief, pain recurrence occurred in 68% of patients. No statistical difference was seen in the duration of pain relief after initial or repeat radiosurgery ( p = 0.368). The most frequent complication was facial hypesthesia (Barrow Neurological Institute facial hypesthesia scale grade II: 10%; III: 6%; IV: 0%). Ipsilateral vascular compression was predictive of better efficacy ( p = 0.024). Conclusion: Radiosurgery for TN in patients with MS appears to be safe and to provide effective pain relief. Notably, radiological identification of vascular compression may predict more sustained pain relief.