Supercurrent time division multiplexing with solid-state integrated hybrid superconducting electronics

Time-division multiplexing of cryogenic signals is a promising approach to reduce space requirements, shorten cooldown times, and increase the number of quantum devices measured per cooldown. We demonstrate time-division multiplexing of non-dissipative supercurrents using voltage-controlled hybrid superconducting demultiplexers. These chips integrate superconducting Josephson Field Effect Transistors including Al superconducting electrodes, proximitized semiconducting InAs channels, and hafnium oxide gate insulators. Each transistor fully suppresses the switching current and increases the resistance 20 times under a gate voltage of −4.5 V. A demultiplexer with one input and eight outputs showed a non-dissipative input range of ±2 μA, operating up to 100 MHz in signal frequency, and 100 kHz in switching frequency at 50 mK. It achieved near-zero insertion loss in the superconducting state and an ONOFF ratio of 17.5 dB. By optimizing the signal layout, the operation was extended up to 4 GHz using a demultiplexer with two outputs. The authors report a 1-input-8-ouput superconducting demultiplexer consisting of 14 Al-InAs-Al Josephson Field Effect Transistors, enabling time-division multiplexing of non-dissipative current up to several GHz. This strategy can reduce the number of I/O lines to drive cryogenic electrical devices in quantum applications.