A lead titanate epitaxial thin film was obtained on a strontium ruthenium oxide bottom electrode by the hydrothermal method. The reaction temperature was 150°C more than 400 degrees lower than that of the conventional deposition processes. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed a c-axis of orientation. The single-crystal-like DE hysteresis curve showed a remanent polarization of 96.5μC∕cm2. The domain direction was controlled by an applied electric field using a metal-coated atomic force microcopy cantilever probe and the domain pattern was observed by scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy. This investigation verified that this film did not contain an a-domain. In addition, no defects such as domain or grain boundaries were observed, even on the nanoscale.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Morita et al. (2004) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: