The general principles which underlie the recent revision of the I. E. C. sphere-gap calibrations are given. An outline of the theory of sparkover between spheres is indicated, leading to the definition and evaluation of the “asymmetry” of a sphere-gap and to the determination of the effect ofearthing one sphere, the polarity effect, and the influence of neighbouringbodies. The correction for air density is also considered.
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S. Whitehead (1939) studied this question.