I-V characteristics and liquid motion in needle-to-plane and razor blade-to-plane configurations in transformer oil and liquid nitrogen

Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics are measured in a negative needle-to-plane configuration and a negative razor blade-to-plane configuration in transformer oil and liquid nitrogen. Linear pots of V vs. I/sup 1/2/ in the former configuration of V vs. I/sup 1/3/ in the latter configuration are obtained respectively in the space-charge limitation (SCL). The liquid motions in the above two configurations in SCL are computed respectively from both the Navier-Stokes equation and the continuity equation by the finite-difference method. From the experimental and computational results of the liquid motions, the relations between V and I in two configurations are derived, respectively.>