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Motion of unipolar ions in insulating liquids creates strong coupling between electrical and hydrodynamic systems energy. This permits us to pump liquids directly with electrical power or to build up electrical energy from liquid motion. The phenomenon has been used to build high-impedance electrohydrodynamic components such as switches, relays, voltage regulators, voltage generators and dc transformers. Their principle of operation will be discussed, first-order approximation theories will be given, and a number of research models will be described.
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Otmar M. Stuetzer (1961) studied this question.
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