Key result
Early historical attempts at retrograde arterial catheterization of the left heart evolved from animal models to human application, initially with high mortality but later established as a safe method.
Population
Historical patients undergoing retrograde arterial catheterization of the left heart
Design
Review
Authors
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Does not change current left heart catheterization practice; extends historical context for transcatheter technique evolution.
This historical review outlines the early development and initial human application of retrograde arterial catheterization of the left heart.
Vlad et al. (1964) reported a review. Retrograde arterial catheterization of the left heart was evaluated. Early historical attempts at retrograde arterial catheterization of the left heart evolved from animal models to human application, initially with high mortality but later established as a safe method.
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