Ozone Hole Area Prediction at Earth's North and South Poles by Marvel Interface

This paper explores the possibility of predicting ozone hole area (Maximum Area) at North and South Pole using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and then developing the forecasting network by using Graphical User Interface (GUI) named MARVEL. Two models are designed for predictions: a) Ozone hole area prediction at North Pole and b) Ozone hole area prediction at South Pole. For both the models, the number of input parameters is taken as year, month, date, sunspot area, sunspot number and solar mean magnetic field. Here, more than 35 years of data is used for training purpose and then predictions are made from November 23, 2015 to September 30, 2016. Forecasting network (MARVEL) is developed to imbibe the properties of ANN. It can get trained with the most recent data accessible to the user and then making future predictions for short (one day) and long term (months, years) durations, respectively. From the results, Mean Square Error (MSE) for Model 1 and Model 2 is found to be 6.7166 DU and 0.3582 DU, respectively. It can be concluded that with 30 numbers of neurons and input and output transfer functions as Tangent Sigmoid and pure linear, along with one hidden layer, the forecasting network predictions are plausible and appreciably close to actual observed values. It is to be noted that the change of ozone hole area at poles have dynamic reasons behind it and sun parameters are not responsible for that. This paper is an attempt to present the application of Artificial Neural Network of connecting the unrelated parameters and processes.