Magnetically Controlled Devices Parallel to the Spine in Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Fig. 1. Posteroanterior (Figs. 1-A, 1-B, and 1-C) and lateral (Figs. 1-D, 1-E, and 1-F) radiographs of the spine of a 7-year-old girl with SMA and spinal deformity. The main curve was corrected from 58° (Fig. 1-A) before implantation of the magnetically controlled device to 12° (Fig. 1-B) after implantation. This result was maintained over the course of the 2-year follow-up (Fig. 1-C). In the sagittal plane, kyphosis in the thoracolumbar junction (Fig. 1-D) was initially corrected (Fig. 1-E), but increasing thoracic kyphosis occurred over the course of treatment (Fig. 1-F).

Fig. 2. Chart showing the development of the main curve angle before and after each intervention. The values are given as the mean, and the I-bars indicate the standard deviation. The first n value shown in parentheses indicates the number of radiographs analyzed before each intervention, and the second n value indicates the number of radiographs analyzed after each intervention. *P < 0.05. ***P < 0.001.

Fig. 3. Chart showing the age-dependent development of the main curve angle after each intervention. The values are given as the mean, and the I-bars indicate the standard deviation. Patients are grouped according to their age (<6 years of age and 6 to 10 years of age). The n values indicate the numbers of patients in each age group. Two children (>10 years of age) were excluded from the analysis. *P < 0.05.

Fig. 4. Chart showing the development of the pelvic obliquity before and after each intervention. The values are given as the mean, and the I-bars indicate the standard deviation. The first n value shown in parentheses indicates the number of radiographs analyzed before each intervention, and the second n value indicates the number of radiographs analyzed after each intervention. *P < 0.05. ***P < 0.001.

Fig. 5. Chart showing the development of age-adapted thoracic kyphosis before and after each intervention. The values are given as the mean, and the I-bars indicate the standard deviation. The first n value shown in parentheses indicates the number of radiographs analyzed before each intervention, and the second n value indicates the number of radiographs analyzed after each intervention.

Fig. 6. Chart showing the development of age-adapted lumbar lordosis before and after each intervention. The values are given as the mean, and the I-bars indicate the standard deviation. The first n value shown in parentheses indicates the number of radiographs analyzed before each intervention, and the second n value indicates the number of radiographs analyzed after each intervention.

Fig. 7. Chart showing the development of spinal length before and after each intervention. The values are given as the mean, and the I-bars indicate the standard deviation. The first n value shown in parentheses indicates the number of radiographs analyzed before each intervention, and the second n value indicates the number of radiographs analyzed after each intervention. ***P < 0.001.