Vanadium oxide ( VO x ) nanotubes, with embedded Na + , K + , or Ca 2 + -ions, were synthesized and investigated structurally and electrochemically in a Li-battery context. The nanotubes consist of scroll-like layers of vanadium oxide separated by structure-directing primary amines or metal cations. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy provided structural information of the VO x sheets. It was found that the structure within the layers is similar to the double-layered BaV 7 O 16 ⋅ n H 2 O . Galvanostatic measurements showed that the materials cycle reversibly for >100 cycles, giving average capacities of around 150 mAh/g (1.8-3.5 V vs. Li / Li + ) .
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Nordlinder et al. (2003) studied this question.
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