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A model that predicts the expansion of piezoceramic actuators when subject to dynamic-voltage excitations is developed as an extension of the classical Preisach model. The model is presented in a recursive form that is suitable for real-time implementation. The model uses measurements of the first-order reversal curves and the average rate of change of the input-voltage signal. The model is shown through experiments to offer high accuracy under voltage excitations covering a wide frequency band.
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Mrad et al. (2002) studied this question.
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