Low temperature sintering of quarternary system lead magnesium nickel niobate zirconate titanate (PMN-PNN-PZT) piezoelectric ceramics has been investigated. This ceramic with proper additives could be sintered at about 900°C and exhibited excellent piezoelectric properties: Kp = 0.61–0.65, Qm ≥ 1000, ϵT/33/ϵ0 = 2300–2800, d 33 = 430–465 × 10−12 C/N, tgδ ≤ 50 × 10−4, ρ = 7.9–8.01 g/cm3. The microstructure and sintering mechanism of the materials has been studied by means of SEM and TEM.
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Li et al. (1990) studied this question.
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