Review reveals advances in carbazole self-assembled monolayers for perovskite-silicon solar cells, highlighting pathways toward scalable commercial photovoltaics.
Carbazole-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have accelerated efficiency gains in perovskite/Si tandem solar cells. This progress reflects the importance of molecularly defined hole-selective contacts that preserve optical transparency while reducing electrical losses in tandem devices. This Review summarizes recent advances in SAMs for perovskite/Si tandem solar cells, with a focus on molecular engineering, assembly process control, and contact configuration design. We discuss how these design factors influence energy-level alignment, defect passivation, contact uniformity, and process reproducibility on diverse Si surfaces. Finally, we outline future directions for SAM design, emphasizing industrial Si compatibility, large-area module implementation, and long-term stability as key requirements for practical photovoltaic technologies.
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Park et al. (2026) studied this question.
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