Rather than integration with a capacitor, digital computation methods are applied to ferroelectrics, and the hysteresis loops obtained by the two methods are compared. The computational method is more accurate, and provides more information regarding the structure and motion of domains. The ratio between spontaneous polarizations of a and c domains in the original BaTiO3 single crystal is determined. Digital integrational methods are also applied to the measurements of pyroelectric and piezoelectric constants.
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Lee Jingder (1981) studied this question.
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